What is Management?

            On my first semester in um i've learned this topic called Management. Its quite an interesting subject for those who wanting to be a manager. I would like share wit u all a better idea of the classes I’m taking and the things that I’m leared in this semester.

Why study Management

For two very important reasons:

 1.       First, the modern society today depends on   specialized institutions and organizations to provide the goods and services that we desire   daily. These organizations are guided and   directed by the decisions of one or more   individuals called ‘managers’.

  2.     Second, individuals who are not trained as   managers often find themselves in managerial   positions 

DEFINITION Of MANAGEMENT:

            Management is the art of getting things done through other people….A manager is one who contributes to the achievement of the organization’s goals indirectly by directing the efforts of others and not by performing the task himself
 

The Value of Studying Management 

 The universality of management
: Good management is needed in all organizations.

The reality of work
: Employees either manage or are managed. 

Rewards and challenges of being a manager
:Management offers challenging, exciting and creative opportunities for   meaningful and    fulfilling work.
: Successful managers receive significant monetary rewards for their efforts 

According to Tripathi (1991), management as a discipline of study is important for the following reasons:-

Management is a critical element in the economic growth of the country.

Management is essential in all organized effort, be it business or otherwise.

Management is the dynamic, life giving element in every organization.

            

            Management as a process “consisting of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling, performed to determine and accomplish the objectives by the use of people and resources”
According to this definition, management is seen as a process - a systematic way of doing things.
 

            The four management activities included in this definition are: 

             planning, organizing, actuating and control: George R. Terry (1953)

    

            management as the process undertaken by one or more individuals to coordinate the activities of others to achieve results not achievable by one individual acting alone. Donnelly (1987) 

The term ‘manager’ covers many types of people:

These include managers of small businesses, chief executive officers of multinational corporations, plant managers and production supervisors - both generalists and specialists. Managers are also found in non-profit organizations such as government agencies, religious groups, sports and recreational groups, and trade associations.

Classifying Managers

              First-line Managers
-Are at the lowest level of management and manage  the work of non-managerial employees.

Middle Managers
-Manage the work of first-line managers.

Top Managers
- Are responsible for making organization-wide  decisions and establishing plans and goals that  affect the entire organization

What Do Managers Do?
 

               Functional Approach
- Planning
Defining goals, establishing strategies to achieve goals, developing plans to integrate and coordinate activities.
- Organizing
Arranging work to accomplish organizational goals.
- Leading
Working with and through people to accomplish goals.
- Controlling
Monitoring, comparing, and correcting the work.

Pengurusan  - Satu Profesion?

Untuk mengetahui sama ada pengurusan itu adalah satu profesion, kita harus lihat pada beberapa ciri yang boleh menjadikannya sebagai satu profesion(Gabriel, 1997).   Ciri-ciri ini adalah:
wujudnya satu kumpulan ilmu dalam bentuk teori atau prinsip-prinsip asas serta pengetahuan dan kemahiran khusus untuk ahli-ahli profesionnya.
para profesional memperoleh status mereka melalui latihan yang dijalani dan prestasi kerja mereka.
para profesional perlu taat setia pada satu kod khas etika atau tingkah laku

Adakah Pengurusan Satu Proses Sejagat?

Peter Drucker (1968) tidak terima idea bahawa pengurusan adalah sejagat ini, kerana objektif setiap organisasi serta persekitarannya di mana ia wujud berbeza-beza. Memang wujud halangan-halangan tertentu untuk proses pemindahan kemahiran mengurus ini bukan sahaja dari satu industri ke industri yang lain, tetapi juga dari satu industri ke industri yang sama di negara lain.   Penghalang utama ini adalah kerana persekitaran dan budaya yang berbeza-beza.

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